Cham inscriptions on the rocks of Phong Nha cave networks, Vietnam. Rediscovered around 1899 by Léopold Cadière. Generally understood as Buddhist themed contents, still undeciphered (Griffiths 2025). Circa 9th-11th century. [2400×1443]

[https://hal.science/hal-04968896v1/file/Griffiths%202025%20Documenting%20and%20describing%20Old%20Cham.pdf](https://hal.science/hal-04968896v1/file/Griffiths%202025%20Documenting%20and%20describing%20Old%20Cham.pdf)

Arlo Griffiths (1976-), New York-born Sanskritist, Indologist, archaeologist, linguist, expert on Chamic languages, Munda languages, ancient Southeast Asian inscriptions.

[https://www.efeo.fr/en/biographies/notices/griffiths.htm](https://www.efeo.fr/en/biographies/notices/griffiths.htm)