Margarete Buber-Neumann, Survivor of both Nazi Concentration camps and Soviet Gulags(1930)(330*487)

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarete_Buber-Neumann](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarete_Buber-Neumann)

>**Margarete Buber-Neumann** (née **Thüring**; 21 October 1901 – 6 November 1989) was a German writer. As a senior [Communist Party of Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Germany) member and [Gulag](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulag) survivor, she was turned into a staunch [anti-communist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-communist). She wrote the famous memoir *Under Two Dictators*, which begins with her arrest in [Moscow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow) during [Joseph Stalin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalin)’s [Great Purge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Purge), followed by her imprisonment as a [political prisoner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_prisoner) in both the Soviet Gulag and the [Nazi concentration camp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camp) system, after she was handed over by the NKVD to the [Gestapo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestapo) during [World War II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II).

>Buber-Neumann was also known for having testified in the so-called “[Trial of the Century](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Kravchenko_(defector)#Trial_of_the_Century)” about the [Kravchenko Affair](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Kravchenko_(defector)) in [France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France).[^([1])](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarete_Buber-Neumann#cite_note-Dictators-1) In 1980, she was awarded the [Great Cross of Merit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesverdienstkreuz) of the [West Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Germany).

Her story is a testament to incredible human resilience.