Copper ornament shaped like a head, with shell teeth. Peru, Moche civilization, 6th-7th century AD [840×800]

    by MunakataSennin

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    1. MunakataSennin on

      [Museum](https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/314344). This striking ornament made of gilded copper sheet in the shape of the front of a head has inlaid eyes of green and black stone and teeth made from shell. The ears are attached to the face with small tabs, as is a visor above the eyes. Abrasion on the nasal septum suggests that a miniature nose ring was once present. Trapezoidal ornaments with V-shaped incisions are attached to the ears. Remnants of seven thin wires protrude from the front of the visor. These may have once supported dangles, now lost. Four perforations, one below each ear and one on the top and bottom of the head, suggest that it was originally bound to a backing such as a banner.

      Andean metallurgists used sophisticated techniques to create gilded and silvered surfaces. This remarkable ornament was made from a gold-copper alloy from which the copper was removed from the surface by mechanical and chemical means, giving the impression that the object was made of pure gold. Moche artisans also devised a technique to coat copper with a fine layer of gold, silver, or a combination of the two, using electrochemical replacement plating, a technology discovered centuries later in other parts of the world.

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